Physical map of Europe

           PHYSICAL MAP OF EUROPE 

* 6th largest continent comprises western most parts of Eurasia 

* Located entirely in Northern Hemisphere and mostly in Eastern Hemisphere.

* Bounded by -

N: Arctic Ocean 

W: Atlantic Ocean 

S : Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea

E: Asia 

Europe continent:

* Total countries: 51 ( including Cyprus and Amenia)

* Largest: Russia (39,72,400km²) 39% of the continent 

* Smallest: Vatican City [44 km² ] 

* Highest population: Russia -15% Europes population covers about 1,01,80,000 sq km or 2% of the Earth's surface ( 6.8% of land area)

Peninsula of Europe:

6 major peninsulas in Europe-

* Northern peninsulas- Scandinavian and Jutland Peninsula 

* Southern Peninsulas- Iberian Peninsula, Italian Peninsula, Balken Peninsula and Crimean Peninsula 

* Scandinavian Peninsula: 

• Norway  

• Sweden 

* Jutland Peninsula:

• Denmark 

• Northern Portion of Germany 

* Iberian Peninsula: 

• Portugal 

• Spain 

• Andorra 

*Italian Peninsula:

• Italy 

• San Marino 

• Vatican City 

* Balken Peninsula:

• Albenia 

• Bosnia and Herzegovina 

• Bulgaria 

• Croatia 

• Greece 

• Macedonia 

• Moldova 

• Montenegro 

• Romania 

• Serbia 

• Kosovo 

• Slovenia 

• Turkey 

* Crimean Peninsula: Sovereignty over the peninsula is currently disputed between Ukraine and the Russia federation.

Major Landforms:

* Western upland/ Northern Highlands 

* North European Plains/ Northern Lowlands 

* Central upland 

* Southern Alpine Region 

Western upland/Northern Highlands :

* Scandinavia ( Norway, Sweden and Denmark) Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland. The Brittany region of France, Spain and Portugal 

* Defined by Hard, Ancient rock shopped by Glaciations, 

* Abundant Marshaland, Lakes, and Fjords ( Fjords in the Iceland and Scandinavia)

North European Plains:

* Extends from Southern UK to Russia 

* Includes part of France, Belgaum, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark. Poland, the Baltic States ( Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) , Belarus.

* Most lies below 152 meters (500 feet) in elevation - home to many navigable rivers - Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Order and Vistula

The Central uplands:

* Extent east - west across central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.

*Lower in altitude and less rugged the alpine region - heavily wooded 

* Mainly 2 rivers drain the region: Rhine & Rhone.

* Southern Alpine Mountains System:

* Include ranges in the Italian and Balken Peninsulas, Northern Spain, and Southern France.

* The region includes the mountains of Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines,Dinaric Alps. Balkans, and Carpathians

* High elevation , rugged plateaus, and Steeply sloping land define the region.

* The Alpine region also includes active Volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy.

 The Alps:

* Highest in Europe 

* Stretching approximately 1,200km across eight countries - Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia and Switzerland.

* Cuts Italy off from the rest of Europe.

* Mont Blanc (4807m) is the highest peak.

Pyrenees:

* It from a natural border between France and Spain.

* Separates the Iberian Peninsula from rest of Europe 

* It extend for about 500 k.m Aneto is the highest peak (11,168 ft)

* Andorra is a tiny Sovereign State in the heart of the Chain

Apennine Mountains : 

* Parallel Smaller chains - Extending 1,200 km

* They divide the Italian Peninsula between East and West.

* Corno Grand - highest point (2,912m)

The Balken Mountains:

* Stretch from east of Serbia to the Black Sea at the east of Bulgaria.

* They extend for about 530km

* Highest peak is MT. Olympic (2918m)

Other Mountain ranges 

a) Cacasus Mountains- 

* Mountain system in Eurasia between Black Sea and Caspian Sea 

* They from a natural barrier between Europe and Asia to the South Europe highest mountain, Mount Elbrus 5642m

b) Ural Mountains-

* From part of the conventional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia.

* They extend about 2,500 km and cover Russia and Kazakhstan. Mount Narodnaya (1,895m) is the highest point.

Islands of Europe -

* The larger Islands: Great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, (all located in the North Atlantic)

 smaller Mediterranean Sea 

Islands: Corsica, Sordinia, Sicily, Beleric

MT. Enta - Europe largest active volcano located on Sicily.

Seas of Europe -

a) North - Major Seas bordering Europe:

Norwegian Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, White Sea 

North Sea:

* English channel - separates France and Great Britain - South Hampton ( Britain) is main port.

* Dover strait - shortest sea rute between England and European Mainland, famous for under sea tunnel 

* Kiel Canal - connects north sea to Blatic Sea

Blatic Sea:

* Gulf of Bathnia - northern extension of Blatic Sea

* Gulf of Finland - Arm of Blatic Sea, low salinity and important ports- Helsinki, ST- Petersburg and Tallinn

b) Major Seas bordering Europe - South -

* Alboran Sea, Baleric Sea, Azov Sea, Ionian Sea, Tyrhenien Sea, Liguria Sea, Adriatic Sea, Sea of Marmara

* Measure Sea - Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea 

* Mediterranean Sea - Albaran Sea ( Zebralta strait) 

* Basporus strait 

Strait of Gibaratar: ( Mediterranean Sea)

* Connect Atlantic Ocean to Mediterranean Sea 

* Separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa 

* Known as key to Mediterranean 

 Three Strait: ( Black Sea)

* Strait of Kerch ( joins sea of Azov and Black Sea)

* Bosoprus  Strait 

* Dardenelles strait 

Basporus strait-

* Natural strait connecting Black Sea to Sea of Marmara 

* Also known as Istanbul Strait.

* Separates the European part from the Asian part of Istanbul 

* Basporus strait and Dardanells strait together known as Turkeish strait and separates Asian Turkey from European Turkey.

* Bay of Bicay ( Poland, Spain, France)

River:

* The longest and largest river in Europe is Volga ( Russia to Caspion Sea)

*2nd largest river in Europe Danube ( Germany - Black Sea)

* River Rhine ( it Dimark border between France and Germany)

* River Tiber- ( in the river Tiber the capital of Italy placed Rome)

* PO ( Italy)

* Loira, Seine,(France)

* Vistula ( Poland)

* Obder ( it Dimark border between Poland and Germany)

* Eble( Germany)

* Dnieper( Russia - Belarus- Ukraine - Black Sea)

- it is an very important according to economic 

* This (London)